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What is Parafoveal Telangiectasia? Parafoveal telangiectasia, also known as idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia type 2 or Macular Telangiectasia Type 2, is an uncommon eye disease that affects the blood vessels of the macula–the central part responsible for sharp, detailed vision–as a progressive and irreversible condition. Parafoveal Telangiectasia is more common in those over 40 years of age and more prevalent among women than men. Though the exact cause remains unknown, it’s believed to be caused by disruptions to blood flow and oxygen supply to the retina. Parafoveal Telangiectasia may present with blurred vision, difficulty reading faces and face recognition, visual hallucinations or “phantom images,” for some individuals. Parafoveal Telangiectasia is currently incurable, but treatments like intravitreal injections and laser therapy can be used to alleviate symptoms and slow down its progression. To identify any visual changes and determine the most suitable treatment option, patients should receive regular eye exams with their vision monitored to detect any changes and determine the most suitable course of action. What is Parafoveal Telangiectasia Type 2? Parafoveal Telangiectasia Type 2 (also referred to as Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 and Idiopathic Jxtafoveal Telangiectasis Type 2) is a rare condition that affects the blood vessels of the macula, or central part of the retina. This condition is most common among those over 40 and typically diagnosed as part of general aging. Parafoveal Telangiectasia type 2, while its cause remains unknown, is thought to be due to both genetic and environmental factors. It has been linked to mutations in the CA4 gene that regulates blood flow; this has also been associated with parafoveal telangiectasia type 2. Parafoveal Telangiectasia type 2, which may manifest in various ways, usually causes blurry or distorted vision and difficulty reading faces. It may also result in a gradual loss or reduction of central vision. Some individuals may even experience visual hallucinations and “phantom images”. Parafoveal Telangiectasia Type 2 is currently incurable; however, intravitreal injections or photodynamic therapy can be used to treat symptoms and slow down its progression. Patients with parafoveal telangiectasia type 2 should receive regular eye exams to detect any visual changes and determine the most suitable treatment options. What are the Symptoms of Prarafoveal Telangiectasia? Parafoveal Telangiectasia symptoms vary depending on the severity, but typically include: Vision blurred or distorted Difficulty recognizing faces or reading them Gradual loss in central vision with time Color vision abnormalities Sensitivity to bright light or glare Visual hallucinations and “phantom images” Vision hallucinations or ghost images? Blind spots and dark spots in the vision field At the early stages of diabetes, some people do not experience symptoms. However, routine eye exams may detect it early on; symptoms become more evident as time goes on and can interfere with everyday tasks like reading, driving, using a mobile device or computer. Parafoveal Telangiectasia symptoms may be due to other eye conditions as well. To accurately diagnose this condition, an optometrist or ophthalmologist must perform a comprehensive eye exam. What are the Stages of Parafoveal Telangiectasia? Parafoveal Telangiectasia type 2 may be divided into three stages depending on its severity and extent. Stage 1: At this stage, there are no visible changes to the retina. People with parafoveal Telangiectasia type 2 may not feel any symptoms and this condition is typically detected through routine eye exams. Stage 2: At this stage, there may be visible dilation or abnormal branching of the retina’s blood vessels. Leakage of fluids or blood from these blood vessels can lead to swelling and edema around the macula, leading to blurred vision, difficulty reading faces or recognizing them, as well as other visual symptoms. Stage 3: At this stage, retinal changes continue to progress with the appearance of small holes or cavities in the macula. This can result in loss of central vision, difficulty reading or driving, and facial recognition problems. Parafoveal Telangiectasia Type 2 may not progress through all three stages at once; some individuals may experience a slower progression. Regular eye exams and monitoring are essential to detect vision changes and determine the most suitable course of treatment. What are the Causes of Parafoveal Telangiectasia? Research continues to elucidate the cause of parafoveal telangiectasia, suggesting there could be both genetic and environmental elements at work. Genetics: Studies have revealed that Parafoveal Telangiectasia Type 2 is often caused by mutations in the CA4 gene, an enzyme which regulates blood flow to the retina and may lead to abnormal blood vessel formation or function. Environment: Studies have suggested that environmental factors, such as smoking and exposure to chemicals, may also have an impact. Parafoveal Telangiectasia can be caused by various idiopathic conditions. Parafoveal Telangiectasia, though rare, does occur occasionally. People with a family history or other risk factors for the disorder may have an increased likelihood of developing it; however, this is not always the case. To detect vision changes and determine the most suitable treatment plan, those at greater risk should receive regular eye examinations and monitoring to detect them early. What is Idiopathic Parafoveal Telangiectasia? Idiopathic Parafoveal Telangiectasia (IPT) is an unrelated form of Parafoveal Telangiectasia that has no known medical cause. IPT may also be referred to as Parafoveal Telangiectasia Type 1. IPT (irreversible proliferative hyperplasia) is an uncommon disorder that affects the blood vessels of the macula (central part of the retina). It typically affects those over 40 years old and causes blurry or distorted vision as well as difficulty reading faces or recognizing people. Some IPT patients may experience visual hallucinations and “phantom” images in rare cases. Though the exact cause of IPT remains uncertain, researchers believe it to be a result of both genetic and environmental influences. Unlike Parafoveal Telangiectasia Type 2, however, this condition isn’t linked to any particular genetic mutation. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for IPT. However, treatments like intravitreal injections or photodynamic therapy can help treat symptoms and slow down its progression. It is recommended that those with IPT receive regular eye exams to detect visual changes and determine the most suitable treatment option. What does Perifoveal mean? The area surrounding the fovea, known as perifoveal, provides sharp and detailed vision. Measuring 500-1500 microns across, this central region of the retina contains abundant blood vessels and photoreceptor cells for enhanced vision. Our visual system is highly dependent on the perifoveal region. This region processes fine details, color vision and visual acuity – essential for reading faces, recognizing objects, and performing other visual tasks. Vision loss or distortion can be caused by conditions in the perifoveal region. To detect changes and determine the best course of action, have regular eye exams and monitor your vision closely. What is Parafoveal Area? Parafoveal is a small area in the middle of the retina just outside the fovea, responsible for sharp and detailed vision. At 500-1500 microns wide, this region contains abundant photoreceptor cells as well as blood vessels. Parafoveal is an area that plays a significant role in our visual system, responsible for fine details, color vision and visual acuity. It helps us read faces, recognize faces and perform other visually demanding tasks. Parafoveal Telangiectasia is a condition in which blood vessels in the parafoveal region become affected, leading to abnormal branching and dilation of vessels as well as other retinal changes. This may cause blurry or distorted vision as well as other visual symptoms. To detect changes and determine an appropriate course of action for patients suffering from Parafoveal Telangiectasia, they should have regular eye exams with monitoring their vision. What are the treatments available for Parafoveal Telangiectasia? Parafoveal Telangiectasia is a progressive disease with no known cure. However, there are various treatments to manage its symptoms and slow down progression. Ultimately, each individual’s severity and health will determine which option is most beneficial for them. Monitoring and Observation: For mild cases of PFT, monitoring may be all that’s necessary. Regular eye exams and observations can detect vision changes and help determine the best course of action. Intravitreal Injections: For people suffering from PFT, intravitreal injections such as antivascular endothelial factor (anti-VEGF), steroids or other drugs may be administered to reduce fluid accumulation and enhance vision. Photodynamic therapy (PDT): Utilizing a medication called Verteporfin that activates with special light to damage abnormal blood vessels and slow down PFT progression. Low vision aids: For severe cases of PFT, where other treatments don’t provide enough improvement in vision, low vision aids such as magnifying glasses or software may be required to help with daily tasks. These will enhance your quality of life. PFT (Progressive Follicular Thalassemia) is not always a serious condition. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent further progression. People with PFT must undergo regular eye examinations in order to detect any visual changes and determine the most suitable course of action.

What is Optic Neuropathy? Optic neuropathy is the term for damage or dysfunction of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. There are various causes of optic neuropathy such as injury, inflammation, infection, exposure to toxins, and underlying medical conditions like multiple sclerosis or diabetes. When the optic nerve is damaged, it can lead to a variety of symptoms depending on its severity and extent. These may include blurred or reduced vision, loss of peripheral vision, difficulty distinguishing colors and in severe cases complete blindness. Treatment for optic neuropathy depends on what caused it and may include medications, surgery or lifestyle changes. It’s important to seek medical help immediately if you experience any changes in your vision or other symptoms that could be related to optic neuropathy. What are the Signs and Symptoms of Optic Neuropathy? Optic neuropathy presents with a range of signs and symptoms depending on the cause and extent of nerve damage to the eye. Common indications include: Vision impairments such as blurry vision or difficulty focusing, loss of visual acuity/ sharpness, reduced peripheral vision (tunnel vision), difficulty distinguishing colors, increased sensitivity to light sources and pain or discomfort around the eyes may all occur. Loss of contrast sensitivity (difficulty distinguishing objects from their backgrounds) Witnessing flashing lights or other visual disturbances Partial or complete vision loss in one or both eyes It’s important to note that some people with optic neuropathy may not experience any symptoms when first diagnosed; the condition can often be detected during a routine eye exam. If you notice any changes to your vision or other symptoms that could be indicative of optic neuropathy, seek medical help promptly. What type of genetic disorder is Leber’s hereditary Optic Neuropathy? Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial genetic disorder. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down from the mother, so LHON can be inherited maternally if her mother carries a mutation causing LHON; therefore, her offspring could also be at risk of inheriting this mutation. LHON is caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA that alter the function of mitochondria in the optic nerve, responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. When these mitochondria fail to work properly, vision loss and other symptoms associated with LHON may develop. LHON (Leukodystrophies of the Ocular Nerve) is a relatively uncommon genetic disorder, typically affecting young adults in their 20s and 30s. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for LHON; however, treatments may help slow its progression and improve visual function for some individuals. Therefore, those living with this condition should receive ongoing care from an experienced healthcare provider like Sanjeevan Netralaya to monitor progress and receive advice as necessary. What Causes Optic Neuropathy? Optic neuropathy can be caused by a number of factors, including: Trauma: Any injury to the head or eye may result in damage to the optic nerve. Inflammation: Optic nerve inflammation can be caused by autoimmune disorders, infections, or other underlying medical issues. Toxins: Exposed to toxic agents such as methanol, ethylene glycol or tobacco smoke can damage the optic nerve. Ischemia: When blood flow to the optic nerve is disrupted, it can result in ischemic optic neuropathy. Infection: Certain infections such as herpes, Lyme disease or syphilis may lead to optic neuropathy. Genetics: Genetic disorders such as Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) can lead to optic neuropathy. Nutritional Deficits: A lack of vitamin B12 or other essential nutrients may cause optic neuropathy. Medications: Some medications, such as some antibiotics, may cause optic neuropathy as a side effect. Medical Conditions: Underlying medical conditions like multiple sclerosis, diabetes, or high blood pressure may increase the likelihood of developing optic neuropathy. It is essential to seek medical help if you experience any vision changes or other symptoms associated with optic neuropathy. Your healthcare provider can accurately diagnose the cause and recommend appropriate treatment. Can Optical Neuropathy be Prevented From getting worse? Optic neuropathy can vary in severity depending on its underlying cause and extent of nerve damage. In some cases, early diagnosis and treatment can help slow or even stop its progression; for instance, if diabetes or high blood pressure is to blame for developing optic neuropathy, managing these conditions effectively could help protect against further nerve damage. In certain cases, such as Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), there may not be a cure available; however, treatments like idebenone – an antioxidant – may help slow its progression and enhance visual function for some individuals . It is essential to seek immediate medical help if you experience any changes in your vision or other symptoms that could be indicative of optic neuropathy. Early diagnosis and treatment will improve outcomes and protect the optic nerve from further damage. How is optic Neuropathy Diagnosed? Diagnosing optic neuropathy usually involves a medical history review, comprehensive eye exam and additional diagnostic tests. At a medical history review, your healthcare provider will inquire about your symptoms, when they began, and any underlying medical conditions or medications that could be contributing to them. A comprehensive eye exam includes several tests to evaluate the function and health of your eyes and optic nerve, such as visual acuity tests, visual field tests, pupil exams and examination of the back of the eye with an ophthalmoscope. Additional diagnostic tests that could be utilized to confirm optic neuropathy include: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): This imaging test utilizes light waves to produce detailed pictures of the retina and optic nerve. Visual Evoked Potential (VEP): This test measures the electrical activity in the brain in response to visual stimulation and can help evaluate the function of the optic nerve. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This imaging test can help detect any abnormalities or injuries to the optic nerve. Blood Tests: Blood tests can identify any underlying medical conditions that could be causing your symptoms, such as diabetes or autoimmune diseases. The specific diagnostic tests required will depend on the cause and extent of your optic neuropathy. Once a diagnosis has been made, your healthcare provider can suggest appropriate treatments to manage the condition and protect the optic nerve from further harm. What is Optic Neuropathy Vision? Optic neuropathy vision refers to vision changes caused by damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve transmits visual information from the eye to the brain, so when this nerve is damaged it can lead to various visual symptoms. Optic neuropathy vision symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause and extent of damage to the optic nerve. Common signs that someone may suffer from optic neuropathy vision include: Blurred vision Loss of peripheral vision Decreased color vision Diminished contrast sensitivity Central scotoma (a blind spot in the center of one’s visual field) Visual distortion such as straight lines appearing wavy or distorted Visual hallucinations (in some cases) The severity of these symptoms depends on the extent of damage to the optic nerve. In some cases, symptoms may be mild and develop gradually over time; conversely, other cases may present with more immediate manifestations. If you notice any symptoms that could be related to optic neuropathy vision, it is essential that you seek immediate medical help. Your healthcare provider can determine the source of your symptoms and suggest treatments to manage the condition while protecting the optic nerve from further damage. Can Optical Neuropathy be prevented from getting worse? Optic neuropathy can vary in severity depending on its underlying cause and extent of nerve damage. In some cases, early diagnosis and treatment can help slow or even stop its progression; for instance, if diabetes or high blood pressure is to blame for developing optic neuropathy, managing these conditions effectively could help protect against further nerve damage. In certain cases, such as Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), there may not be a cure available; however, treatments like idebenone – an antioxidant – may help slow its progression and enhance visual function for some individuals. It is essential to seek immediate medical help if you experience any changes in your vision or other symptoms that could be indicative of optic neuropathy. Early diagnosis and treatment will improve outcomes and protect the optic nerve from further damage. Is Optic Neuropathy Progressive? Optic neuropathy may progress slowly or rapidly, depending on the underlying cause and extent of damage to the optic nerve. In some cases, mild damage may take place over time while in others it may be more severe and progress more rapidly. The progression of optic neuropathy may differ based on the treatments available and their efficacy. For instance, if the cause is an underlying medical condition like high blood pressure or diabetes, proper management of that condition could potentially slow or even stop progression towards optic neuropathy. It is essential to seek medical help if you experience any vision changes or other symptoms associated with optic neuropathy, as early diagnosis and treatment can help slow or stop its progression. How Common is Optic Neuropathy? The incidence of optic neuropathy varies depending on its underlying cause. Common causes include glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of optic neuropathy and estimates indicate it affects over 60 million people worldwide. Ischemic optic neuropathy affects between 2-10 per 100,000 individuals annually, while optic neuritis strikes anywhere from 1-5% annually. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare genetic condition that affects approximately one in 30,000 individuals. Generally, LHON occurs in young adults and more often affects men than women. Optic neuropathy is a rare disorder, but it can have an enormous effect on vision and quality of life. If you are noticing changes to your vision or other symptoms associated with optic neuropathy, it is essential that you seek prompt medical care from an experienced healthcare provider. Can You Recover from Optic Neuropathy? Optic neuropathy has an underlying cause and the severity of the damage to the optic nerve. In some cases, recovery may be possible and full vision restored with timely treatment; in others however, irreversible damage has occurred and vision loss is permanent. If the optic neuropathy is due to a treatable condition such as nutritional deficiency or medication toxicity, treating the underlying issue can help improve vision. In certain cases, medications or surgery may be employed to manage symptoms of optic neuropathy and protect the optic nerve from further harm. However, in cases of significant optic nerve damage such as advanced glaucoma or traumatic optic neuropathy, vision loss may be permanent and irreversible. In such cases, management of the condition should focus on preventing further vision loss while improving quality of life through vision rehabilitation and support services. It is critical to seek medical help if you experience any changes in your vision or other symptoms that could be indicative of optic neuropathy. Early diagnosis and treatment can help avoid further damage to the optic nerve and increase the chances for recovery. What are the best Treatments for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy? Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a condition that occurs when the optic nerve has been damaged due to trauma. There are various treatments for TON, and which one should be chosen depends on the severity and cause of the injury. Here are some potential solutions: Observation: For mild cases of TON, doctors may advise closely monitoring the condition to see if vision improves on its own. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications that can reduce swelling and inflammation around the optic nerve. They may be administered orally, intravenously, or via injection directly into the eye. Unfortunately, their effectiveness in treating TON remains debated; in some cases they may not even be successful at all. Surgical Decompression: In certain circumstances, surgical decompression may be recommended. This involves extracting bone or tissue to relieve pressure on the optic nerve. However, this procedure remains controversial and its efficacy still under debate. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber. This treatment may improve blood flow to the damaged optic nerve and may help expedite healing. Visual Aids: If the vision loss is permanent, a doctor may suggest visual aids such as glasses or contact lenses, magnifying lenses, or electronic devices to assist you. It is essential to remember that there is no one-size-fits-all treatment for TON, and the best course of action depends on each individual case. If you believe you may have TON, seek medical help immediately. Sanjeevan Netralaya has ADVANCED AYURVEDIC EYE CARE treatments which are the best for treating Optic Neuropathy. Sanjeevan Netralaya has treated over 6,000,000 patients with a range of retinal issues. Their success rate is 100%. Additionally, all of our treatments are customized to each patient so that there is no discomfort or side effects.

Optic Atrophy occurs when the optic nerve gets damaged due to shrinkage by the degeneration of the retinal ganglion cell axons and stops carrying impulses from your eye to your brain. One of the most common reasons for the Atrophy (deuteriation) occurs due to poor blood flow and is more common in adults. Optic Atrophy causes multiple vision problems, eventually leading to the patient being blind. What are the causes of Optic Atrophy? Impulses are sent to the brain from the eye through the optic nerve which comprises of nerve fibres. Optic Atrophy occurs when these impulses aren’t able to be sent to the brain due to factors and interferences. These factors include: Poor Blood Flow Glaucoma Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, otherwise known as a stroke in the Optic Nerve Pressure on the Optic Nerve that is caused by a tumour The Optic Nerve may get swollen due to inflammation caused by Multiple Sclerosis A birth defect Family History What are the symptoms of Optic Atrophy and when should I see a doctor? Symptoms of Optic Atrophy may seem mild in the beginning but it is imperative to visit your doctor at the earliest for any kind of vision problem. Symptoms of Optic Atrophy include: Blurry Vision or reduction in the sharpness of vision Problems identifying colour Problems with Side Vision or Peripheral Vision All vision related issues must be dealt with as soon as symptoms start to appear as they may be a part of bigger health problems. How does my doctor diagnose Optic Atrophy? Optic Atrophy is diagnosed by an ophthalmologist using an op ophthalmoscope. The doctor will examine the optic disc, which is at the back of the eye where the optic nerve enters the eye. If the doctor suspects a tumour, you may be asked to get an MRI Scan. Can Optic Atrophy be treated? Although Modern Medicine does not have a cure for Optic Atrophy, the cure depends on that the cause of the problem is. For instance, if the cause of the Optic Atrophy is an inflammation due to MS or a Tumour, vision might return to normal when the inflammation reduces. For patients with Glaucoma, if Glaucoma is caught early, optic Atrophy can be treated to grow slower which is why it is important to visit your doctor as soon as problems in vision arise. The most effective way of treating Optic Atrophy is with ADVANCED AYURVEDIC EYE CARE treatments provided by Sanjeevan Netralaya. Sanjeevan Netralaya has treated over 6 lakh patients suffering from an array of retinal issues with a 100% success rate. Moreover, our treatments are tailer made to every patient making sure they are treated to perfection without causing harmful and uncomfortable side effects.

UVEITIS Sanjeevan Netralaya > UVEITIS Symptoms Blurred or cloudy vision Black spots (floaters) Eye pain and Redness Photophobia Headache In posterior uveitis inflammation of the retina and choroid may lead to vision loss. Causes Exact cause is unclear,but some factors increases chance of uveitis Juvenile arthritis Psoriaris andother autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis Inflammatory disorders such as crohns disease, ulcerative colitis AIDS and other diseases that weaken immune system.

WE GIVE YOU THE BEST INDIA'S MOST TRUSTED AYURVEDIC RETINA CARE Book an appointment Established in 1997, Sanjeevan Super Speciality Clinic was founded with a singular focus: to deliver exceptional patient care and advance the field of healthcare. Drawing on extensive research in Ayurveda, our team has conducted comprehensive studies on the impact of various substances on the human body, delving deeper to develop innovative and effective treatments for our patients. Know More Watch Video At Sanjeevan Netralaya, we are committed to achieving excellence in treating patients with a range of retinal problems. Our focus is on providing the best Ayurvedic treatments in the world for retina-related diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, glaucoma complications, optic atrophy, optic neuropathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and peripheral neuropathy. ​ We understand that many patients who have undergone laser treatments, injections, and surgeries for their retina-related problems may still experience difficulties and not achieve the desired results. That's why our goal is to provide hope and success to such patients through our innovative and effective Ayurvedic treatments. ​ Read More - Ashok Suryawanshi, Founder Why Us? Read More Book an appointment 100 % ASSURED TREATMENT INDIA’S ONLY AYURVEDIC RETINA CARE SPECIALIST 6,00,000 + RETINA PATIENTS TREATED CENTERS PAN INDIA | 1 CENTER IN ENGLAND Our Specialities Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment in Ayurveda Glaucoma Treatment Ayurveda Retinitis Pigmentosa Treatment in Ayurveda Macular Degeneration Treatment in Ayurveda Blogs Parafoveal Telangiectasia: Symptoms, Type, Causes & Treatment May 16 Optic Neuropathy: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Optic Atrophy: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Anterior Ischematic Optic Neuropathy (AION) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Retinitis Pigmentosa Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Hypertensive Retinopathy Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Retinal Vasculitis Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Uveitis Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Epiretinal Membrane Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Optic Neuritis Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Diabetic Retinopathy Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Glaucoma Symptoms, Causes & Treatment May 16 Get Best Glaucoma Treatment Center in India Jul 20, 2022 Advanced Ayurveda for Treating Diabetic Retinopathy Jan 27, 2021 Testimonials "I was not aware of what my eye condition was till I met doctors from Sanjeevan Netralaya. They patiently explained the issue and what the treatment could be like. I am glad that I visited their clinic." Sudha Madhavi Uveitis with Vitreous haemorrhage

VITREOUS HAEMORRHAGE Sanjeevan Netralaya > VITREOUS HAEMORRHAGE Symptoms Floaters of sudden onset (Vh is small) Sudden painless loss of vision (massive Vh) Causes Retinal tear, PVD, RD Trauma to eye Inflammatory diseases such as acute choroiditis, Eales didease, secondary to Uveitis Hypertensive retinopathy CRVO Diabetic retinopathy Retinopathy of anaemia Leukamias, polycythemias Sickel cell retinopathy Exudative ARMD Coats disease Bleeding disorders-purpura, haemophilia, scurvy Neoplasms – retinoblastoma, malignant melanoma of choroid Radiation retinopathy Retinal capillary aneurysm