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What Is Retinal Vasculitis? Retinal vasculitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the blood vessels of the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. It may involve retinal veins, arteries or both. Retinal vasculitis is a clinical finding rather than a single disease. It can occur due to infections, autoimmune conditions, inflammatory disorders or, in some cases, remain unexplained even after detailed evaluation. Inflammation can damage blood vessel wall

What Is Lattice Degeneration of the Retina? Lattice degeneration is a condition in which certain areas of the peripheral retina become thin and develop characteristic changes in their structure. It is often found in people with myopia (short-sightedness), although it can also occur in individuals without high myopia. The affected areas may have a lattice-like appearance during a dilated retinal examination. In some cases, small retinal holes or tears can develop, increasing t

What Is High Myopia and Pathological Myopia? High myopia, commonly known as severe short-sightedness, occurs when distant objects appear blurred because light focuses in front of the retina. It is often defined as a refractive error of -6.00 diopters or more, although definitions may vary. Pathological myopia is different from ordinary high myopia. It involves structural changes caused by excessive elongation of the eyeball. These changes can affect the retina, macula, retina

What Is a Macular Hole? A macular hole is a small break or opening in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. It usually develops at the fovea, the area that provides sharp central vision needed for reading, recognising faces and seeing fine details. Macular holes commonly develop due to changes in the vitreous gel inside the eye. As the vitreous separates from the retina, it may pull on the macula and create traction, eventually leading to

What Is Best Disease? Best disease, also known as Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, is an inherited retinal condition that primarily affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. It is commonly associated with changes in the BEST1 gene. The condition may cause a yellowish, egg-yolk-like deposit to develop in the macula. As the disease progresses, the appearance of the lesion can change, and some patients may develop retinal thinning, sc

What Is Rod-Cone Dystrophy? Rod-cone dystrophy is an inherited retinal disorder in which rod photoreceptors are affected earlier or more severely than cone photoreceptors. Rods help us see in dim light and support peripheral vision, while cones are responsible for central vision, colour perception and fine detail. Many forms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) follow this pattern. Early symptoms often include difficulty seeing at night and gradually reduced peripheral vision. Centra

What Is Cone-Rod Dystrophy (CORD)? Cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) is an inherited retinal disorder that affects the light-sensitive cells in the retina called photoreceptors. Cones, which help with central vision, colour perception and vision in bright light, are generally affected first or more severely. Rods, which support night vision and peripheral vision, may become affected as the condition progresses. The rate and pattern of progression vary from person to person, depending

What Is Fundus Flavimaculatus? Fundus flavimaculatus is a clinical term commonly associated with the Stargardt disease spectrum. It describes a retinal appearance characterised by multiple yellow-white flecks, which are linked to changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the outer retina. The condition is often associated with variations in the ABCA4 gene, which can affect the normal functioning of retinal cells. Over time, some individuals may develop progressive c

What Is Stargardt Disease? Stargardt disease, also known as Stargardt macular dystrophy, is an inherited retinal condition that primarily affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. It is most commonly associated with changes in the ABCA4 gene, which affect the normal functioning of retinal cells. The condition can lead to progressive damage to photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), resulting in central vision loss. Pe

What Is Hypertensive Retinopathy? Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the blood vessels in the retina caused by high blood pressure. The retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye that helps us see clearly. When blood pressure remains elevated over time, it can cause changes in retinal blood vessels, including narrowing and thickening. In more advanced cases, bleeding, fluid leakage, swelling and damage to the optic nerve may occur. Early hypertensive retin

What Is Eales Disease? Eales disease, also known as Eales retinopathy, is an uncommon retinal condition characterised by inflammation around the peripheral retinal veins. It primarily affects young adults and can lead to reduced blood flow to parts of the retina, abnormal blood vessel growth and bleeding inside the eye. As the condition progresses, areas of the retina may receive insufficient oxygen, encouraging the growth of fragile new blood vessels. These vessels can bleed

Understanding CMV Retinitis Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a serious viral infection that affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It occurs most often in people with significantly weakened immune systems, including individuals with advanced HIV, organ or stem cell transplant recipients, and some patients receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive medicines. CMV retinitis can damage retinal tissue and lead to permanent vision loss if not tre

Uveitis, choroiditis and Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease are inflammatory conditions that can affect important structures inside the eye. Depending on the location, severity and duration of inflammation, these conditions may affect the retina, choroid, macula and, in some cases, the optic nerve. At Sanjeevan Netralaya, supportive care is considered only after appropriate diagnosis and alongside the necessary specialist management of inflammation or infection. The approach

Understanding Optic Neuritis and Optic Neuropathy Optic neuritis and optic neuropathy are conditions that affect the optic nerve, which carries visual information from the eye to the brain. Although these terms are related, they have different meanings. Optic neuritis refers to inflammation of the optic nerve, which can cause changes in vision over hours or days. Optic neuropathy is a broader term that describes optic nerve dysfunction or damage caused by inflammation, reduce

Vision depends on a healthy connection between the eyes and the brain. The optic nerve plays a vital role in this process by carrying visual information from the retina to the brain. When the nerve fibres become damaged or are lost, the condition is known as optic atrophy or optic nerve atrophy. Optic atrophy can develop due to several underlying conditions, including glaucoma, reduced blood supply, inflammation, injury, compression of the optic nerve, nutritional deficiencie

Clear central vision is essential for reading, recognising faces and carrying out everyday activities. However, certain retinal conditions can damage the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. One such condition is Choroidal Neovascular Membrane (CNVM), also referred to as macular neovascularization (MNV) in many clinical contexts. CNVM occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow from the choroid, the layer beneath the retina. These vessels may le

Clear central vision plays an important role in everyday activities, from reading and recognising faces to working and navigating familiar surroundings. When fluid accumulates in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision, it can interfere with these activities. This condition is known as macular edema. Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a form of macular edema in which fluid creates small, cyst-like spaces within the retinal layers. It may develop

Is Your Central Vision Blurry or Are Straight Lines Appearing Distorted? Have you noticed a blurry spot in the centre of your vision, difficulty reading, or objects appearing smaller than they actually are? These changes may be associated with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR), a retinal condition in which fluid collects underneath the retina. CSCR commonly affects working-age adults and can interfere with reading, screen use, driving and other everyday activities. Unde

Sudden Blurred Vision? It Could Be a Retinal Vein Problem A sudden, painless change in vision should never be ignored. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) is a serious retinal condition that occurs when the main vein draining blood from the retina becomes blocked. This blockage can cause retinal bleeding, swelling, reduced blood flow and significant vision loss. Early retinal evaluation is important because some forms of CRVO can lead to serious complications. What Is Centr

Optic atrophy is a challenging condition that affects the optic nerve, leading to vision loss and diminished visual function. While conventional medicine often offers limited options, there is growing interest in natural, non-invasive approaches that support eye health and may promote recovery. I want to share insights into natural optic atrophy solutions that focus on holistic care, gentle therapies, and lifestyle adjustments. These approaches aim to nurture the eyes and the