Symptoms

• Abrupt loss of peripheral vision

• In some cases loss of central vision

• Permanent sectoral visual field defect.
   

Causes

• Pressure on vein by on athero sclerotic retinal artery

• Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are common predisposing factors

• Hyper viscosity of blood as inpolycythemia, hyperlipidemia, macroglobulinemia, leukemia, multiple myeloma, Cryoglobulinemia.

• Periphlebitis Retinae – associated with sarcoidosis, syphilis, SLE.

• Raised Intraocular pressure

• Local causes : Orbital Cellulitis, orbital tumors, facial erysipelas,Cavernous sinus thrombosis